ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Educating dental students in practical skills are a difficult task that has become increasingly demanding since the outbreak of COVID-19. Today, the use of digital media plays an essential role in teaching practical skills. AIM: This study investigated the effect of educational videos on oral and maxillofacial surgery basics on dental student's satisfaction. METHOD(S): Six subjects were chosen from the principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and according to the necessary standards, educational videos were made based on the needs assessment of students. Fellow attending evaluated and approved each video. Students were shown videos in six 2-h sessions. Students were given a researcher-created questionnaire with proven validity and reliability. Students filled out questionnaires to evaluate the impact of educational videos as well as the structure of educational videos. RESULT(S): Two hundred and three students participated in this study in their 4th-6th years. In this study, 203 students in their 4th to the 6th year participated. Most students were satisfied with the structure of educational videos (73.9%);in general, 84.7% of students expressed their satisfaction with this method. Half of the students preferred video training over face-to-face training in oral and maxillofacial surgery (50.4%). Many students suggested that these videos be included in the curriculum (80.7%). CONCLUSION(S): Students' overall satisfaction with the structure and impact of educational videos indicates that educational videos made and evaluated by dental professors can help teach practical topics as a part of the curriculum.Copyright © 2022 Maryam Hosseini, Anita Taheri, Farzad Nouri, Ashkan Badkoobeh, Kamyar Abbasi, Mohsen Golkar, Mostafa Alam.
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is in a terrifying and devastating energy crisis. Recently, the prediction for energy consumption has intensified compared to its production capacity, which is problematic for Pakistan's social and economic stability. Hence, it is vital to examine the link between power consumption, power prices, urban transition, other electricity use, and economic expansion from 1970 to 2018 in Pakistan. For analysis, the second-generation econometric technique of Lee and Strazicich (2013), novel Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (AARDL), and Frequency Domain Causality (FDC) is useful to detect the long-medium and short-run association among the variables. The results show that power consumption stimulates economic expansion in the short and long-run, though the rise in power prices declines economic activity in the short and long-run. Also, urban transition and other electricity use are a substantial positive and negative impact on economic expansion in the short and long-run. The outcome suggests that efficient energy supply, low-cost power prices, proper urban transition management, and other energy use could be useful for policymakers to achieve SDGs 7 and 11 in Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Background: Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve (TTViV) replacement has become an alternative treatment in high-risk patients with bioprosthetic valve degeneration. This is the first report on the mid to long-term echocardiographic findings of patients who underwent TTViV replacement in a cardiac referral center in Iran. Method(s): Data of 12 patients, consisting of 11 women and 1 man, who underwent TTViV replacement between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients underwent echocardiography before the procedure and at a mean follow-up time of 3.17+/-1.75 years. Result(s): All the patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) function class III/IV before TTViV. Six patients had tricuspid regurgitation, 1 had tricuspid stenosis, and 5 had both. All the patients had successful TTViV. The mean time from the initial valve surgery to TTViV was 6.25+/-2.45 years. At follow-up, 2 patients had died: 1 due to COVID-19 pneumonia and 1 without a known cause. The remaining 10 patients experienced improvements in the NYHA functional class. Echocardiographic measures showed significant improvements. Transvalvular mean gradient pressure decreased from 7.08+/-1.98 mm Hg to 5.29+/-1.63 mm Hg (P=0.028), tricuspid valve pressure half time decreased from 245.00+/-49.46 ms to 158.64+/-57.41 ms (P=0.011), tricuspid regurgitation gradient decreased from 39.91+/-7.31 mm Hg to 26.72+/-8.99 mm Hg, and left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 47.71+/-4.70% to 49.79+/-4.58% (P=0.046). There was no significant paravalvular or transvalvular leakage at follow-up. Conclusion(s): This is a single-center report on the mid and long-term echocardiographic follow-up of patients after TTViV replacement. Our study showed that TTViV was a safe and efficient method in treating high-risk patients with degenerated bioprosthetic tricuspid valves and had favorable echocardiographic and clinical results. Copyright © 2022 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.